State of Health (SoH) is a measurement that indicates the overall condition and remaining usable capacity of a battery compared to its original performance when new. It reflects how much a battery has degraded over time due to usage, charging cycles, temperature exposure and aging.
In simple terms, SoH tells you how healthy a battery is today versus when it was brand new.
SoH is typically expressed as a percentage:
As batteries power EV infrastructure, renewable energy systems, and backup storage solutions, monitoring SoH is critical for:
Without tracking SoH, organizations risk unexpected downtime, inefficient energy delivery, and premature asset replacement.
In green infrastructure environments, SoH directly impacts uptime, SLA compliance, and ROI.
There is no single universal formula for SoH, but it is commonly estimated using:
Comparing current full charge capacity to original rated capacity.
As batteries age, internal resistance increases. Higher resistance reduces efficiency and heat stability.
Tracking total cycles and depth of discharge patterns to estimate wear.
Extreme heat, rapid charging, and deep discharges accelerate degradation.
Most modern systems calculate SoH using Battery Management Systems (BMS) with algorithmic models.
These terms are often confused, but they measure different things:
SoC tells you how much energy is available now.
SoH tells you how much capacity the battery has lost over its lifetime.
Several operational and environmental factors influence SoH:
In EV charging networks and renewable energy storage systems, unmanaged degradation can shorten asset lifespan and increase replacement costs.
Declining SoH impacts charging efficiency, uptime, and power delivery stability.
SoH affects grid balancing performance and energy dispatch accuracy.
Reduced SoH limits stored energy availability during peak demand.
Low SoH increases failure risk during critical outages.
For operators managing distributed energy systems, SoH becomes a key performance indicator (KPI).
Modern CMMS and asset management platforms help organizations:
When integrated with IoT sensors and BMS data, organizations gain real-time visibility into battery health across multiple sites.
This is especially valuable for EV operators and renewable infrastructure providers managing geographically distributed assets.
State of Health data supports:
For asset-intensive industries, SoH insights reduce unplanned downtime and extend battery life.
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